Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Nanoparticles: Implications for Health and Disease

Abstract

Many bacteria share a healthy human body, generating natural flora. According to many predictions, bacterial genetic material is much more important in the human body than a certain amount of DNA. Any modification in the composition of this flora could result in a wide range of disorders, considering that it plays a crucial role in human health and illness. In many different sectors, nanoparticles are frequently used: industry, food, and platforms for the transportation of pharmaceutical products in the medical domain. Different industries, fields, and occupations, such as pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, and medicines, widely use nanoparticles. Nanoparticles could interact with the human body in multiple ways at various stages because of their many potential applications. Due to the shape, type, and concentration of nanoparticles, their interaction can cause the microbiota to become unstable, regenerate themselves, or show no harmful effects. Additionally, the microbiota can be controlled or some disorders can be treated with nanoparticles. Nanoparticles may also be used as a vehicle to regulate the microbiota or to treat some of its diseases.