Author Ethics & Responsibilities

1. Conflict of Interest

The Global Journal of Universal Studies is committed to maintaining the highest standards of transparency and integrity in scholarly publishing. Authors, reviewers, and editors are required to disclose any financial or non-financial relationships that may be perceived as a potential conflict of interest. A conflict of interest exists when professional judgment concerning a primary interest (such as the validity of research) may be influenced by a secondary interest (such as financial gain or personal relationships).

Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest at the time of submission, and a statement will be published alongside the article if accepted. If no conflicts exist, authors should state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

2. Human and Animal Rights

Research involving human participants or animals must comply with ethical standards and obtain approval from appropriate institutional review boards or ethics committees.

  • Human Subjects: Studies involving human subjects must adhere to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent must be obtained from all participants, and a statement confirming ethical approval and consent must be included in the manuscript.

  • Animal Studies: Research involving animals must follow international, national, and institutional guidelines for the ethical treatment of animals. Authors must provide a statement confirming that ethical approval was obtained and that procedures followed comply with relevant guidelines.

3. Informed Consent

Authors must ensure that informed consent has been obtained from all human subjects involved in the research, particularly when personal data, images, or case details are included. For studies involving minors or individuals unable to provide consent, assent from the participant and consent from a parent or legal guardian must be documented.

Identifying information should not be published unless it is essential for scientific purposes and the participant (or legal guardian) has given explicit written consent.