Unravelling the Mysteries of Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Overview

Abstract

The Zika virus (ZIKV), which emerged in an epidemic state in 2016, poses a serious risk to the health of society. It could appear as a serious condition with signs such as migraine and a high body temperature or it can appear benign. Aedes species of mosquitoes (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) are responsible for the transmission of ZIKA virus to humans. Even though over half of civilization lives in areas where Aedes aegypti is common, there is still concern about the possibility of its revival. Global accounts of Zika virus infections have recently been made, especially from America; French Polynesia and other Pacific Island nations; and south-East Asia. ZIKV was first discovered in 1947 in the Ugandan Zika Forest, in a rhesus monkey. Since the beginning of discoveries in Africa and Asia in 2007, the virus expanded around every continent.  A serious infection frequently results in a short-term febrile illness, but recent evidence reveals that it may also be linked to additional important adverse effects like microcephaly in infants and Guillain-Barré syndrome. This review provides knowledge about the pathophysiology of ZIKV, reveals essential cellular processes that develop during infections, and recalls the origins of the virus from when it was first discovered to its current worldwide propagation.